Car Key Types: From Smartphones to Laser Cut
The car key has significantly evolved over the last century, from basic metal keys used in early automobiles to today’s high-tech options like smartphones and biometric systems. As key technology has advanced, it has brought both convenience and security benefits. This article will provide an overview of the different car key types available today, from the enduring metal key to innovative laser-cut and smartphone capabilities.
Traditional Metal Keys
Metal car keys are the longest standing option, used since the early 20th century beginnings of automobiles. These brass or nickel keys are inexpensive and easy to duplicate at a hardware store. However, they can succumb to wear and tear issues over time. Traditional metal keys also lack security features to prevent theft. Still, many car owners appreciate the simplicity and affordability these enduring keys provide.
Transponder Keys
Transponder car keys were introduced in the 1990s and have an embedded electronic chip. This computer chip transmits a signal to an immobilizer system in the car, signaling that the correct key is being used and allowing the vehicle to start. The cryptographic immobilizer system prevents hotwiring the car without the right key. While more costly than metal keys, transponders provide an extra layer of security. However, if the chip malfunctions, the car may not start, requiring a trip to the dealership. Popular car models using transponder keys include the Toyota Prius line.
Remote Keyless Entry Fobs
Remote keyless entry (RKE) fobs allow drivers to lock and unlock the doors without sticking the key in the door. These portable clickers transmit encrypted signals up to several hundred feet to communicate with the car and have been available since the 1980s. RKE fobs provide convenience by not needing to dig your keys out of your bag or pocket. They often include extras like trunk releases or panic alarm buttons. However, hackers can potentially intercept the wireless signal to steal cars. Replacing a lost RKE fob can also be expensive if reprogramming is needed. The Ford Focus uses RKE fobs for keyless access.
Smart Keys
Smart keys, also called proximity keys or intelligent keys, took off in the 2000s and communicate with vehicle security systems via radio frequencies. Drivers can unlock and start their car while leaving the smart key in a pocket or purse. This hands-free experience provides flexibility and convenience. You also often get extras like remote start or climate controls. Smart keys are found on many modern vehicles, including Teslas. The downsides are potential security vulnerabilities to hackers due to the wireless connectivity. Replacement costs also tend to be steep if a smart key is damaged or lost.
Keyless Entry Systems with Push Button Start
Speaking of smart conveniences, keyless entry systems take away the need to put any physical key into the ignition. After entering with a wireless smart key, drivers can push a button to turn the car on rather than inserting a key. This handsfree experience simplifies things and is also used in conjunction with features like remote start. As with smart keys, there are some information security concerns to consider regarding hackers potentially accessing the computerized systems. If issues arise, troubleshooting problems with keyless systems may require assistance from a professional.
Laser-Cut Keys
Laser-cut car keys provide extremely high security that builds on transponder technology. Introduced in the 1990s for luxury vehicles, laser-cut keys have a distinct precision-cut pattern visible on the key head. Cut by powerful lasers rather than traditional machines, these patterns are extremely difficult to duplicate without specialized equipment. So while cutting and replacing laser keys carries a higher cost, the benefit is better preventing theft. Luxury brands like Porsche, Audi, BMW, and Mercedes often provide owners with laser-cut car keys.
Smartphone Apps
In this mobile era, smartphone apps that can unlock your car eliminate the need to carry keys altogether. Convenient features include remote start, lock/unlock doors, flash lights to find your car, and more. Apps may communicate via Bluetooth or near-field communication (NFC) protocols. However, experts caution that wireless connectivity poses potential hacking vulnerabilities. Only drivers with phones containing the app would have access. So while cool in concept, at least carrying a backup physical key as a failsafe is wise for now. Apps to control car access are currently offered by BMW, Hyundai, Ford, and Tesla vehicles.
Wearable Devices
Similarly, smartwatches and fitness bands offer another electronic alternative for unlocking and controlling cars. Like phone apps, wearable tech can tap into Bluetooth connections to interact with compatible vehicles. Luxury car brands have been early adopters, with BMW debuting an app for Apple Watches to open car doors back in 2015. The Apple Watch later added direct compatibility for unlocking and starting Tesla vehicles. Convenience factors appeal to certain high-tech drivers, although information security remains a concern with any wireless access.
Biometric Vehicle Access Systems
For the highest security, biometric vehicle access relies on unique attributes of individuals rather than carryable keys or mobile devices prone to hacks or copying. Biometrics analyze facial features, fingerprints, retina scans or other distinctive characteristics to confirm authorized users. Biometric systems provide virtually impenetrable authentication for unlocking and enabling cars to start. However, this advanced tech carries higher costs today, and isn’t foolproof, such as fingerprint scanners challenged by dirty hands. We’re starting to see biometrics incorporated by Mercedes, Ford, Lucid Motors, and other brands aiming for maximum security.
The Outlook for Car Keys
This overview of the evolution of keys – from metal keys to smartphones and biometrics – shows just how radically technology can transform something most people take for granted. Car keys have come a long way in enhancing convenience, security and cutting edge style. Going forward, we can expect further innovations to emerge. More affordable biometrics, increased automation and integration with smart home ecosystems could be around the next corner. But whether you prefer a basic metal key or cutting-edge solutions, keeping our rides protected will always be a priority.
